About Kidney Stones

Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) are hard mineral deposits formed inside the kidneys. They can cause sudden severe flank pain, blood in urine, nausea and urinary disturbances. Early diagnosis and timely treatment prevent complications and preserve kidney function.

Diagnosis

  • Urine analysis and culture
  • Blood tests — kidney function, electrolytes
  • Ultrasound (first-line) and Non-contrast CT (NCCT) for precise planning

Treatment Options

  • Conservative medical management for small stones
  • ESWL — Shock Wave Lithotripsy (non-invasive)
  • Ureteroscopy (URS) with laser lithotripsy
  • PCNL — Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for large/complex stones
  • Emergency drainage (stent / nephrostomy) for infected obstruction

Prevention & Follow-up

Stone analysis and metabolic evaluation guide personalized prevention: fluid goals, dietary adjustments and medication where needed to reduce recurrence.

When to seek urgent care

If you have high fever, severe uncontrolled vomiting, inability to pass urine, or extreme worsening pain — seek immediate medical attention and call the hospital.